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The servant therefore retains all his other natural rights. After several days of heated debate, final action on Lee's resolution was deferred until July 1st, and men on both sides of the issue used the intervening weeks to lobby for their own positions. Despite personal setbacks Witherspoon never lost his belief that America would prevail in the struggle for independence. Moses Coit Tyler "President Witherspoon in the American Revolution" The American Historical Review Volume 1, Issue 1, July 1896. pp. That Jefferson did his job well is obvious to anyone who has read the Declaration of Independence, particularly his statement of the self-evident truths that "all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. The British invaded New Jersey and Stockton rushed home and moved his family to the home of a friend thirty miles from Princeton. John Witherspoon was one of the signers of our Declaration of Independence. Brother of Sarah Stockton; John "The Elder" Stockton; Hannah Boudinot; Abigail Pintard; Susanna Pintard and 4 others; Reverend Philip Stockton; John Stockton; Rebecca Tennent and Samuel W. Stockton less. Reese father earned his living as a surgeon and her mother was a college professor. Trevor Colbourn (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1974) 181. He likely also would have been selected to the Constitutional Convention had he not been meeting simultaneously in Philadelphia to draw up a constitution for his own denomination, which paralleled the national document in a number of key respects. Stockton did, however, take an active role as a trustee of the College of New Jersey. Richard Stockton (1730-1781)Signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1746, he helped to raise troops to fight Scottish rebels who were rebelling against English domination in Scotland. Dr. Witherspoon was born in Georgia and served as a lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve. In 1768, Stockton was elevated to a seat in the royal executive council of New Jersey; in 1774, he was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court. The Board had previously voted not to make the change, but reversed itself after local residents submitted a petition with more than 1,500 signatures and input gathered at two public forums, temporarily changing the name to the Princeton Unified Middle School until a permanent new name is identified. This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 19:20. Dr. Samuel S. Smith, who succeeded Dr. W. as president of the college j and Frances, the second tiaughter, married Dr. David In 1768, John Witherspoon, Presbyterian leader of the evangelical Popular party faction in the Scottish Kirk, became the College of New Jersey's sixth president. [5][6] This latter claim of Knox descent though ancient in origin is long disputed and without primary documentation. William J. His son, Commodore Robert Field Stockton, was a hero of the War of 1812, and in 1846 became the Military Governor of California and later a Senator from New Jersey. In John Trumbull's famous painting Declaration of Independence, Witherspoon is among those shown in the background facing the large table, the second seated figure from the viewer's right. Consistent with his Presbyterian theology, Witherspoon believed that God was the author of freedom, and he did not think that the state, which was administered by imperfect individuals, had the right to dictate personal religious beliefs. Richard Stockton, was denuded of its library and furniture." [28][n 5] She worked . Stocktons oldest daughter Julia wed Dr. Benjamin Rush in January 1776, six months later Rush signed the Declaration of Independence. When he had backed away from the table, one delegate whispered, "There go a few millions!". Richard Stocktons home Morven became the New Jersey Governors Mansion from 1954-1981. Stockton and his wife had six children, four daughters and two sons: Julia Stockton (married to Benjamin Rush, also a signer of the Declaration), Mary, Susan, Richard, Lucius and Abigail. Upon his arrival, Witherspoon found the school in debt, with weak instruction, and a library collection which clearly failed to meet student needs. Josiah Bartlett - New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett was the first delegate to vote for independence and the second signer after John Hancock. He booked passage on a ship to cross the Irish channel, his baggage was delayed but it proved to be his preservation as the ship sank in a violent storm and all aboard perished, he later crossed safely. Clara Elizabeth Judgwyn , Edward Parrish, Philippa de Luxembourg , Jean I de Hainaut, Elizabeth Parrott , John Beauford. An error has occured while loading the map. In addition, part of the Battle of Princeton in 1777 was fought on the college campus the college was so badly damaged that it was closed for several years. On July 1st the colonies, balloting according to a majority of each delegation, approved the Lee resolution by a vote of 9-2, with South Carolina and Pennsylvania opposed, Delaware deadlocked and New York abstaining. He can have no right either to take away life, or to make it insupportable by excessive labor. Husband of Annis Boudinot Stockton In 1987, the LDS Reference Unit at the Family History Library, in Salt Lake City, compiled the "Founding Fathers Project." The Syng inkstand is a silver inkstand used during the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787. Annis and her brothers attended Franklins Academy. Born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, Witherspoon was well known for his publications in Scotland before he was invited to be president of the College of New Jersey (todays Princeton University), where he succeeded Jonathan Edwards and served from 1768 until 1794. [1] Witherspoon embraced the concepts of Scottish common sense realism, and while president of the College of New Jersey (17681794; now Princeton University) became an influential figure in the development of the United States' national character. Therefore, public religion was a vital necessity in maintaining the public morals. Documents of the American Revolution. HE was involved in New Jersey committees of correspondence, and he also signed the Declaration of Independence and served on over a hundred congressional committees. John Witherspoon Collection, 1765-1903 (mostly 1767-1790) C0274 SOME ONLINE CONTENT. There was no debate or discussion. Please try again. Witherspoon owned slaves during his time as Princeton's president. The oldest, James, was a major in the Revolutionary army, and fell at the battle of Germantown. The College of New Jersey needed a first rate scholar to serve as its first president. The eulogy was delivered by Rev. John Witherspoon, an early convert to the Patriot cause, was president of the College of New Jersey (today's Princeton University) and the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. In 1752, John Stockton and his stepfather, Thomas Leonard, gave money and land to establish the College of Princeton (later Princeton University) in Princeton, New Jersey. He would not live see his country win independence. "John Witherspoon." Such was the caliber of the men who signed the Declaration of Independence, the men who risked their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor to establish the American Republic and guarantee our rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. A merchant ship, the SS John Witherspoon, saw service during World War II as part of convoy PQ-17, and was sunk by a German U-boat in the North Atlantic on 6 July 1942. The gallery was crowded; the floor was reserved for members of Congress; and on the wall hung the empty frame of the portrait of George II, which Alexander Hamiltons cannon ball had destroyed in the fighting of January 3rd at the battle of Princeton six years before. John Knox Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian, Scotland, as the eldest child of the Reverend James Alexander Witherspoon and Anne Walker, a descendant of John Welsh of Ayr and John Knox. Biography by Rev. Family. Later that year he was elected to the Continental Congress in time to vote for R. H. Lee's Resolution for Independence. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". There is absolutely no proof this occurred. Declaration of Independence Signer. John Witherspoon John Witherspoon brought some impressive credentials and a measure of public acclaim with him when he joined the colonies in 1768, as president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton). Although many took the pardon, Stockton never did and was marched to Perth Amboy where he was put in irons, and brutally treated as a common criminal. Adair, "James Madison", Fame and the Founding Fathers, ed. However, he changed his position a year later when the controversy over the Stamp Act arose. He also signed the 1774 Petition to the King. Witherspoon was opposed to the Jacobite rising of 1745-46. From "Witherspoon Family History" by Evelyn Potter Park: John migrated [from Scotland] to Ireland at an early age and from there came to America in 1790. While in Scotland as a trustee of the College of New Jersey, Stockton visited Reverend John Witherspoon. Stockton's treatment in the New York prison prompted Continental Congress to pass a resolution directing George Washington to inquire into the circumstances and not long afterward, Stockton was paroled on January 13, 1777. Papers: 1766-1784, 32 items. The fifth son of Richard, eight year old John Stockton, inherited much of his fathers land after Richard died in 1709. SOURCE: Wikipedia, Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stockton_%28Continental_Congre Caesar Rodney was weary when he reached his plantation near Dover on the night of July 1, 1776. From among his students came 37 judges, three of whom made it to the U.S. Supreme Court; 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. Stockton served the College, afterwards known as Princeton University, as a trustee 26 years. Washington had lunch with him, then had his famous Council of War at the nearby Hunt House. References:Sanderson, Biography of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, page 195, 1831. ref>[1]Sanderson, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, 1823, page 156, 195.Stryker, William S., The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Cambridge. As the College's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon became a leader of the early Presbyterian church in America. Witherspoon worked with fellow Presbyterians and Congregationalists to ensure that the Anglican Church did not become the established church of the new nation as it had been in some of the states, but he believed that members of the clergy had the same right to participate in politics as others did. "My hand trembles," he said as he handed the quill to William Ellery, "but my heart does not." Washington and his wife, Martha, were frequent visitors to Morven. Born in 1723, he received the finest education available to a bright young gentleman of that era. 1823, SOURCE: The Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. He was educated in the early years by Rev. When his health permitted, Stockton attempted to earn a living by reopening his law practice and teaching new students. Dr. John Witherspoon, President of Princetion University and a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. 5/177. But a declining health, and a constitution worn out with application and with service, obliged him, shortly after, to retire from the line of public duty, and hath at length dismissed him from the world." As they had not been present for the entire speech Richard asked Adams to repeat what they had missed. He was in private practice as an otolaryngologist until 2012. In June 1766, Richard Stockton sailed to London and for fifteen months traveled in England, Scotland and Ireland. On his deathbed, John Morton sent these final words to those who had rejected him: " Tell them that they will live to see the hour when they shall acknowledge it [the signing] as the most glorious service I have ever rendered to my country.". His handsome features and highly polished manners made him very popular. Witherspoon took a very active role in the debates regarding the Articles of Confederation. Elias Boudinot, brother of Annis, married Stocktons sister Hannah, and was trained as a lawyer by Stockton. Jimmy Witherspoon, born in Arkansas, was a master of the blues. This ancestor of actress Reese Witherspoon contributed to the education of several high profile Founding Parents of the United States. The second time his life was preserved was in Ireland. He has published scholarly papers and popular articles for both children and adults. The historian Douglass Adair writes, "The syllabus of Witherspoon's lectures . No 5,page 127Abstracts of the Council of Safety Minutes, State of New Jersey, 1777-1778, Hutchinson, Richard S., Heritage Books 2005,Letters of Delegates to Congress, Vol.6.Bill, Alfred Hoyt., A House Called Morven. 1953. Son of James Alexander Witherspoon, III and Anne Witherspoon John R. Vile. Declaration Timeline | Categories: Patriotic Service, New Jersey, American Revolution | American Founding Fathers | Signers of the Articles of Confederation | Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence | Presbyterian Ministers | Princeton University | NSDAR Patriot Ancestors, WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. Built in 1773 by John Witherspoon, a Signer of the Declaration of Independence and a close friend to Benjamin Franklin and George Washington, the lovingly restored and expanded Tusculum estate offers over 23 acres of beautiful grounds, modern amenities and gracious living - right in the middle of Princeton, NJ. Many referred to it as the "Presbyterian Rebellion" and a Hessian soldier wrote, "America-call this war dearest friend by whatever name you may, only call it not an American Rebellion. Witherspoon and his wife, Elizabeth Montgomery, had a total of 10 children, only five of whom survived to accompany their parents to America. Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 - July 23, 1793) was an American statesman, lawyer, and a Founding Father of the United States.He is the only person to sign four of the great state papers of the United States related to the founding: the Continental Association, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and U.S. Constitution. Princeton's current contretemps, however, fascinatingly illustrates how wokeness, which lacks limiting principles, limits opposition to itself. They were the parents of at least 6 sons and 3 daughters. Witherspoon eschewed politics in America until 1774, but after that he steadily participated, directly and indirectly, in the leading events of the day. When the Crown began to give additional authority to its appointed episcopacy over church affairs, British authorities hit a nerve in the Presbyterian Scot, who saw such events in the same lens as his Scottish Covenanters. He was called before the Board, took the Oath and was dismissed (It is noted that Stockton did not turn in any protection papers as was required if you signed Howe's Proclamation and were given a pardon). (19 February 1756 - 1763), John Knox Witherspoon, Jr. (29 July 1757 - 30 January 1796), Frances Witherspoon (16 August 1759 - 11 November 1784). John Witherspoon, son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the parish of Yester, East Lothian on 10 February 1723. In November, 1776, he shut down and then evacuated the College of New Jersey at the approach of British forces. Yet he so conducted himself that Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania said of Morris that "every attachment of his heart yielded to his love of his country.". Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754, to the grade of counselor in 1758, and in 1763, he received the degree of Sergeant-at-Law the highest degree of law attainable. External links:Richard Stockton at the Biographical Directory of the United States CongressBiography by Rev. Danny Pieper was elected on May 23, 2007, and the SC Supreme Court, Seat 2 to which the Hon. "No business can be done, some say, because money is scarce," he wrote. Sold June 4, 2008, in Printed & Manuscript Americana for $132,000. John Knox Witherspoon, Signer of the & Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, President of College of New Jersey [present Princeton], Presbyterian minister, Signer of Declaration Of Independance, Elizabeth Montgomery (29 May 1722 - 1 October 1789), Anne Witherspoon (23 July 1749 - 1 April 1817), Christian Witherspoon, d.s.p. Had you known the pleasure it would have communicated, I flatter myself, your diffidence would not have delayed it to this time. Not all of those who had voted for independence on July 2nd were present in August. When other members of Congress heard of the plight of the Clark sons, they ordered George Washington to take a British prisoner, preferably an officer, and starve him to death in a dark hole. John Adams Signer of the Declaration of Independence 2nd President of the United States of America An 19th century biography of this signer of the Declaration of Independence, including a handwriting sample, illustration, and student publishing opportunities He was born at Gifford which is the neighbouring parish to the one John Knox was born in. Many of his students, including James Madison, Aaron Burr, Philip Freneau, and John Breckenridge, would play prominent roles in the development of the new nation. War Timeline | [23] An inventory of Witherspoon's possessions taken at his death included "two slaves valued at a hundred dollars each".[24]. Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1777 until November 1784 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. On his visit to Scotland he was entertained by the Earl of Levin and other noblemen at Edinburgh Castle and the freedom of the city was conferred on him. Her parents are still legally married, although they separated in 1996. They had held a Stamp Act Congress in New York during September 1765, and that same year formed the Sons of Liberty, which one observer called, "a mob of gentlemen." In March 1777, only two months after Stocktons release, in a letter to British Parliament General Howe wrote at no time had a leading rebel sought pardon. The book His Sacred Honor comes to Stocktons defense against these revisionist writers using rumors and innuendo to spread this false claim against a founding father. On September 26, 1776, he and fellow signer George Clymer of Pennsylvania were sent on an arduous journey of nearly two months duration to inspect the northern army. An error has occured while loading the map. "His Majesty can now read my name without spectacles, and can now double his reward of 500 pounds for my head. The mere communication of that congressional order to General Howe was enough to end the persecution of the Clark brothers and they survived their imprisonment. 1777."[10]. An advocate of natural law within a Christian and republican cosmology, Witherspoon considered moral philosophy vital for ministers, lawyers, and those holding positions in government (magistrates). Lampo (1942) (CatZDech's Style) 44 Cats (2018) The Aristocats (1970) Lady and the Tramp (1955) Lady and the Tramp 2: Scamp's Adventure (2001) Pokemon (1997) Pokemon: The First Movie (1998) Pikachu's Vacation (1998) Pokemon: The Movie 2000 (1999) Pikachu & Pichu (2000) Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Team Go-Getters out of the Gate (2006) Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983) Sport Goofy in Soccermania . He was elected to the Continental Congress from 1776-1782, elected to the state legislature in New Jersey from 1783-1789 and was the president of the College of New Jersey from 1768-1792. Of his courses, none was more important than Moral Philosophy (a required course), which Witherspoon considered vital for ministers, lawyers, and those holding positions in government (magistrates). His sons later moved from Hopewell, but his daughters' married men from the surrounding area. Please try again. Abigail is the daughter of Phillip Phillips and Hannah Stockton. Upon his arrival at then College of New Jersey, Witherspoon found the school in debt, with weak instruction and an outdated library. Trustees of Princeton University. Because of the storm they had arrived late, at the end of a speech John Adams was giving in favor of independence. Doctor Samuel Smith, vice president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and son-in-law of Rev. . On August 23, 1783, George Washington attended the public reception by Congress in Princeton. Wife of Signer John Witherspoon Image: John Witherspoon John Witherspoon was born on February 5, 1722, at the village of Gifford, near Edinburgh, Scotland. John Witherspoon was a prominent member of the Continental Congress for eight years and signed the Declaration of Independence and other important documents. After the death of Mrs. Witherspoon, the Doctor, at the age of seventy, married a young woman of twenty-three, an alliance which occasioned much gossip and noise in the neighborhood and family circle. Whenever I can serve my native country, I leave no occasion untried. He frequently attended Westminster Hall and advised all who would listen that the colonies would never submit to be taxed by the British parliament without representation. He spoke often in concurrence; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments; played a major role in shaping public policy; and drew up the instructions for the peace commissioners. View Transcript The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. As previously mentioned, he educated a great number of future American leaders, and his strong support for democracy and republicanism was transmitted to his students. Witherspoon had declined the appointment as president of the college because his wife was reluctant to emigrate. Username and password are case sensitive. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. In 1743 he became a Presbyterian Minister at a parish in Beith, where he married, authored three noted works on theology. The settled opinion among the American founding fathers, including Dr. Witherspoon, was that slavery would eventually disappear naturally within a generation. John Witherspoon, signer of the Declaration of Independence from New Jersey, was born at Yester, Scotland, 5 Feb. 1722. [15] Thus, Witherspoon and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. John Witherspoon (February 15, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. The debate continued into the Fourth of July and, in Jefferson's own words, "seemed as though it would run on interminably. She became a professor of nursing at Vanderbilt University. The three South Carolinians were given their freedom in a prisoner exchange in late 1781. Years by Rev `` president Witherspoon in the American Historical Review Volume,! A vital necessity in maintaining the public reception by Congress in Princeton Jersey at the approach British! 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