Mixed ethnicity suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches in which the outcome was linked (25%) compared to all other ethnic groups, these ranged from 21% to 22%. Over the last 5 years, the rates of arrests following stop and searches for all ethnic groups continued to converge. 6. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. In 2020, children from the Black ethnic group had a higher proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court, at 55%, compared to children from the White ethnic group (45%). And I must say this is a thoroughly depressing trend, as the last time I updated this it was '6 times' more likely, so the disproportion in stop . The number of stop and searches carried out by police has risen by 24% to almost 700,000 in a single year, with officers using the tactic on the . statistics. Across all minority ethnic groups, the most common reason for arrest was violence against the person, followed by drug offences. The ACSL has been consistently lower for White male offenders than all ethnic minority groups, a disparity that has increased over the last 5 years for male offenders. Of these, 79% were White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Mixed ethnicity, and 1% Chinese or Other ethnicities. , The HMI Prisons section refers to race rather than ethnicity as this was the term used in the survey. A higher proportion of prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported experiencing a type of bullying/victimisation from staff in the prisons, at 46% for Black and Mixed prisoners, 44% for Asian, and 43% for prisoners of Other ethnic groups, compared to 30% of White prisoners. Time period: 2013/14 to 2015/16 (3 years combined) Source: The proportion of stop and searches conducted on White suspects decreased from 75% in 2014/15 to 59% in 2018/19 and increased for all minority ethnic groups. The proportion of White children remanded at Crown Court has been increasing over the last 5 years from 26% in 2016 to 45% in 2020, converging with the proportion of children remanded in custody from minority ethnic groups. This is the largest decrease in the proportion of White practitioners of all the CJS organisations. The ethnicity classification used in each section is referenced throughout. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. 1 Because of rounding, the percentages may not add to 100.0.; 2 The ethnicity totals are representative of those agencies that provided ethnicity breakdowns. A higher proportion of White offenders had a long history of offending, 35% of White offenders had 15 or more previous convictions or cautions, compared to Black offenders at 26%, Asian offenders at 16% and Chinese or Other at 9%, for adults [footnote 67]. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. In 2020, 52% of Black defendants were remanded in custody, compared to 36% of White defendants. Women and the Criminal Justice System and Race and the Criminal Justice System; The Women and Race reports are compendium publications, each bringing together a wide range of statistics related to the criminal justice system, broken down by sex and by ethnicity. The largest proportionate decrease was seen in the White and Black ethnic groups (-18% and -17% respectively). The location in which a homicide was committed showed marked differences between ethnic groups. , As a survey that asks people whether they have experience as a victim of crime, the CSEW does not cover homicides or crimes where there is no direct victim, such as possession of drugs or motoring offenses. Increases in custody rates in 2020 may be due to court prioritisation during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, and it is difficult to know how this may have affected different ethnic groups. Larger proportions of defendants from Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups who were remanded in custody were acquitted or not tried (ranging from 13% to 15%) compared with defendants of White and Mixed ethnicities (9% and 10% respectively). 11/1/2022 10/1/2022 11/1/2021. The greatest disparity appears at the point of stop and search, custodial remands and prison population. As such, the homicide data in this chapter will not be related to population numbers[footnote 16]. Recommendations can also be made for a prisoner to remain in the open prison estate. As this data is now several years old it may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population, particularly for children when comparing to 2018 CJS figures. If you would like any crime related information in the future, you can email CrimeStatistics@ons.gov.uk and we will endeavour to help. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of young offenders with SEN at 79%, combining SEN with statement and without statement. When ethnicity is officer identified[footnote 3], it has four broad ethnicity categories: White, Black, Asian and Other[footnote 4]. The relationship between the homicide victim and principal suspect[footnote 19] varied across ethnic groups. Lower GPRs of defendants from minority ethnic groups will likely be related to the higher proportion deciding to elect to be tried by a jury at Crown Court. , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. Similarly, just over half (53%) of adults arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 15% of adults arrested in the rest of England and Wales. This section focusses on disaggregating the outcomes that are a result of a professional judgement (i.e. , Ethnicity was recorded for 96.5% of offenders supervised on post-release licence in 2020. In 2020, White offenders had an ACSL of 19.6 months in comparison with 26.8 for Black offenders, 28.6 for Asian offenders, and 24.4 for offenders of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Arrests declined 21% and 22%, respectively, for White and Black adult suspects, a higher rate than other ethnic groups. Between 2016 and 2020, the proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court has increased for all ethnic groups and the proportion remanded has remained highest for Chinese or Other, Black and Mixed defendants. Together, these five offence groups equate to 97% of all prosecutions and convictions for indictable drug offences where ethnicity is known. This trend varied by ethnic group and reduction in the number of arrests was more pronounced for White (-35%) and Black (-33%) children. , The Homicide in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk) publication utilises 2016 population estimates to derive homicide rates relative to the population. This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. * Possession (Class A) Concordance rates for all PSR figures can be found in the defendants tables (5.14b)[footnote 41]. Of offenders receiving either type of order, 84% were White, 6% Black, 5% Asian, 3% Mixed ethnic groups and 1% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. High proportions of prisoners from all ethnic groups reported that they knew what the COVID restrictions were in the prison and that reasons for restrictions had been explained to them. This may partly reflect the different distributions of ethnic groups in the population in different locations, as London is more ethnically diverse than England and Wales as a whole. Over the last 5 years, there has been a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. , All groups defined by officer-identified ethnicity classification see Appendix I. Where differences are not referred to as being statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. 735 754-19 947-212. 178 300 sexual violence crimes in the EU in 2020, a stop in a growing trend. In 2020, where ethnicity was known, the number of requirements started under community orders fell to 72,400[footnote 58]; a decrease of 33% since 2018. So 61% of the population is committing 58% of the violent crimes, so the math lines up. Between 2019 and 2020, the number of prosecutions for possession of weapons offences fell by 17%. In 2020, sexual offences accounted for 4% of all prosecutions for indictable offences; this has remained broadly stable across the last 5 years. Figure 6.03: Average proportion of determinate sentence served in custody, by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016 to 2020. Eight out of 10 black Britons and eight out of 10 Bangladeshi Britons fear "police are biased against people from my background and ethnic group", with 65% of all ethnic minorities agreeing. , Data for stop and searches is published by Home Office in Stop and search open data tables, Stop and searches under s60 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 accounted for approximately 1% of all stop and searches (s1 and s60) in the latest year. In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months, the Chinese or Other group had the shortest (31.8 months), while all other ethnic groups ranged from 38.0 to 39.8 months. In 2020/21, 19% of arrests of Black suspects were for drug offences. A higher proportion of Mixed ethnicity offenders received a release result (61%), in contrast with a lower proportion of Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders (47%)[footnote 56]. These provide criminologists, the police and the media with two types of data. The ACSL for indicatable offences[footnote 44] has gradually increased over the past 5 years, from 19.0 months in 2016 to 21.0 months in 2020[footnote 45]. Main facts and figures. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion of White offenders persistently absent was significantly higher than the proportion of Black offenders, both for custody for 12 months or less (by 7pp) and for more than 12 months (by 11pp). This was a higher proportion than any other ethnic group, for example, only 10% of arrests of White suspects were for drug offences. Five-year trends have been presented wherever possible. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. In 2020/21, 20% of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) were made in London[footnote 34]. A pupil may be excluded for one or more suspensions up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. Broadly, all ethnic groups had similar overall sentencing outcomes. It is important to note when looking at more detailed offences that the Chinese or Other ethnic group accounted for only 2% of all prosecutions and convictions in 2020, therefore small changes in offending can lead to artificially high apparent increases/decreases in associated rates and percentages. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. Sociologists consider both why this might be and also . A higher proportion of Mixed suspects received the principal outcome of arrest at 14%, compared to 13% of Black suspects, 12% of White suspects, 11% of Other ethnicity suspects and 10% of Asian suspects. The total number of stop and searches, where ethnicity was known, increased between 2017/18 (266,000) and 2020/21 (557,000). In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. , There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. , Children includes individuals aged up to 17 and adults includes individuals aged 18 and over. This proportion varied between 10% and 17% for all other ethnic groups in 2020/21. The data for this section is available in the Arrests open data tables published by Home Office. , Arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete data for 2017/18. Crime lower work is carried out by legal aid providers at police stations, in magistrates courts and prison. Figure 7.01: Proportion of prosecutions for Indictable offences by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. In previous publications we have made comparisons to the population using 2011 Census data. Drug offences accounted for 21% of all prosecutions and 22% of all convictions for all indictable offences in 2020. the officer found what they were searching for), and those where the item found was not what the officer was searching for, or where nothing was found. Figure 7.04: Average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for indictable offences, by age and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/20. To allow users to assess the confidence they have in the data we are using, levels of missing or unreported ethnicity are reported throughout. As observed in Chapter 5, White prisoners have consistently received the shortest ACSL in comparison to other ethnic groups. See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. Stop and search is an important detection tool for the police it allows officers to search individuals without an arrest taking place[footnote 27]. Of those who received a suspended sentence order, higher proportions of White and Mixed ethnicity offenders received rehabilitation requirements[footnote 60], whereas higher proportions of Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders received unpaid work requirements. RRI analysis showed that White defendants were more likely than all other ethnic groups to plead guilty at Crown Court. Arrest rate in England and Wales 2006-2022, by ethnicity. In 2020/21, 43% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) were conducted in London, involving a higher proportion of persons from minority ethnic groups when compared to the rest of England and Wales. The proportion of White victims decreased by 7 percentage points (pp) since the previous three-year period (2014/15 to 2016/17), with corresponding increases in the proportions of victims from Black (up 3pp), Asian (up 2pp), and Other (up 2pp) ethnic groups. Arrest Statistics by Ethnicity. , A long criminal history is defined as 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. The largest proportionate change was seen in prosecutions of White defendants, decreasing from 79% of all prosecutions to 76% (resulting in a 1% proportionate increase across all ethnic minority groups). Conversely, higher proportions of clients from ethnic minority groups received representation for indictable trials at 30% for Asian, 36% for Black and 36% for Mixed compared to 27% for White. In acknowledgement of the subjective, multifaceted and changing nature of ethnic identification, we use self-identified ethnicity where this data is available[footnote 5]. , Ethnicity was known for 99.29% of prisoners in England and Wales on 30th June 2020. Drug offences accounted for 40% of convictions for Black offenders, 39% for Asian offenders, 32% for Mixed ethnicity offenders, 31% for Chinese or Other ethnic groups, and 19% for White offenders. RRI analysis shows that defendants from Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were not significantly more or less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody compared to White defendants, and Black and Asian defendants were 6% and 4% less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in comparison with White defendants respectively. Racism and ethnicity are one of the social evils that pose a big danger to the society. Figure 4.03: Arrests in England and Wales by ethnicity, 2016/17 to 2020/21[footnote 35]. These proportions have remained stable across the past 5 years. Will McMahon and Rebecca Roberts consider ethnicity, harm and crime. This was largely consistent across all disposal types and all three measures of attainment; however, caution should be taken when breaking down proportion achieving 5 or more GCSEs A*-C by disposal type due to the small population[footnote 72]. Sentencing outcomes across ethnic groups are heavily influenced by the offence mix; a major factor in determining sentencing outcomes. People from a Black, Asian, 'Mixed' or 'Chinese and other' background were over-represented as defendants in the criminal justice system in 2019, according to Ministry of Justice (MoJ) data. Across all ethnic groups, the majority of defendants dealt with at Crown Court are represented at their first hearing, ranging from 91% to 94% across ethnic groups in 2020. This section looks at the proportion of determinate[footnote 50] sentence served[footnote 51]. Ethnicity is recorded by either self-reporting or as identified by a police officer[footnote 2]. These proportions were similar to those of the ethnic breakdown of the prison population. We have crudely attempted to control for different offence mixes across ethnic groups by applying a similar pattern of offences being sentenced across all ethnic groups, fixing this to the White group. Source: Census 2001 England Household form, Office for National Statistics. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who reported as victims of a CSEW personal crime by ethnic group, England and Wales 2015/16 and 2019/20[footnote 12]. This overall increase in guilty plea rates of defendants dealt with in the latest year is due to restrictions courts faced on progressing jury trials (not-guilty pleas) as a result of the response to COVID-19. Figure 5.03: Proportions of remand status by ethnic groups at Crown Court, 2020, England and Wales. For the majority of the report, no controls have been applied for other characteristics of ethnic groups (such as average income, geography, offence mix or offender history), so it is not possible to determine what proportion of differences identified in this report are directly attributable to ethnicity. The equivalent proportion for White defendants was 27%. Individuals with an unknown or not stated ethnicity are not included in the analysis, because it is impossible to tell where they should be counted. In 2020, of all defendants remanded in custody for indictable offences at Crown Court, 77% were sentenced to immediate custody; an increase from 72% in 2016. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Figure 4.02: Distribution of stop and searches in London and England and Wales, by ethnicity, 2020/21. This contrasts with the proportion of pupils in the overall population where 14% are eligible for FSM. Guilty plea rate (GPR) has increased across all ethnic groups across the past 5 years, showing a sharp rise since 2018. Arrests for Asian, Mixed and Other ethnicity children declined 24% to 25%. Single Parent Families are more common among African-Caribbean Families, which may be related to higher rates of crime In 2007 Almost half the black children in Britain were being raised by single parents. In 2020, the custody rate was highest for the Chinese or Other ethnic group, at 64% and lowest for the Mixed ethnic group at 48%. The most frequent method of killing in homicides with Asian victims was Strangulation (38%), closely followed by sharp instrument (35%). , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Similarly, a higher proportion of Black young offenders (83%) had been recorded as being suspended, compared to White (79%), Asian (74%) and Other (74%) offenders[footnote 80]. Although we explore differences between ethnic groups, it is important that inferences are not made about individuals from group-level data as we consider averaged outcomes that do not take into consideration the individual circumstances which differ in each case. As outlined in the defendants chapter, drug offences accounted for the highest proportion of convictions within each ethnic group except for White offenders. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions. Drug offences vary both in nature and severity. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5-year period. Racial discrimination in America has a significant implication on crime in the region. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). In 2020, of all males prosecuted for an indictable offence 75% were White, whilst for all females prosecuted 86% were White. The proportions across ethnic groups have remained relatively stable in the past 5 years. Arrests were the principal outcome in 12% of stop and searches, community resolutions in 7% and other outcomes in 6% . Ethnicity 9 2.2 Arrests 9 2.3 Transferred or cancelled records 12 Outcomes 12 2.4 Trends over time 13 2.5 Police Force Areas (PFA) 15 2.6 London 17 Will McMahon and Rebecca Robert Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. For White adult offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35-39 at 35%. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15; analysis of the attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. Police officers: The proportion of White practitioners is highest for police officers of all the CJS organisations at 92.4%[footnote 94]. Controlling for offence mix between ethnic groups also impacted on custody rates. A further review by Haylock et al in 2020 of risk factors associated with weapon-related crime for young people aged 10 to 24 within the UK strengthens both of these reports. ACSL for possession of weapons offences decreased between 2016 and 2020 for all ethnic groups except Mixed, decreasing the largest for Asian and Black offenders. Flexible payment options include Deferred Payments, Ramped Payments, and Equal Monthly or Quarterly . In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months. However, priority has been given to allow for a full year of reliable data that shows continuation of long-term trends. In 2020, 45% of all defendants prosecuted for drug offences at Crown Court were remanded in custody . For this reason, comparisons over time for the Asian and Other ethnic group should be made with caution. Over the past 5 years, the most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. Custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups between 2016 and 2019. Figure 5.06: Relative Rate Index (RRI): The custodial sentencing rate for defendants expressed as a proportion of the of the overall sentencing rate for all defendants sentenced for indictable offences, 2016 to 2020, England and Wales. If you are looking for best ladies Ethnic wear manufacturers, exporters, wholesalers and suppliers in Bangladesh just login to textile infomedia you can easily find all companies contacts from Bangladesh. , This figure includes 96 victims of Hillsborough and four victims of the Westminster Bridge attack in the year ending 2017, and 31 victims of the terrorist attacks that involved multiple victims, including the Manchester Arena bombing, and the London Bridge attack recorded in the year ending 2018. The ACSL for Asian children was 20.6 months, 18.2 months for Black children and 18 months for Chinese or Other children. Personal crime [footnote 11] against adults. Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. Find information about the experiences and outcomes of people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. The proportion of suspects stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a decrease from 21% to 17% for the Black ethnic group. In contrast, 85% of prisoners aged 50 or over were White. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2020/21 also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Transgender Prisoners, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. When conducting a stop and search, police record the reason for the stop and search as well as the ethnicity of the person searched[footnote 25]. Across the past 5 years, White defendants have consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, compared to Black defendants at 66%. In 2020, Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions and 11% of all male convictions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions and 7% of all female convictions. The Gangs Debate. The average number of days spent at court (from first listing in magistrates courts to completion in Crown Court) for defendants dealt with in Crown Court cases varies across ethnicities. The proportions of ethnic groups in the prison population has remained stable across the past 5 years. In contrast, across all years (except 2017), Black prisoners have consistently served a higher proportion of their determinate sentence, at 67% in 2020. This section looks at the Pre-Sentence Reports (PSRs) received and the agreement (concordance) between recommendations made in PSRs and sentences issued at court, and whether they differ between ethnic groups. Limitations of Current Statistical Information The police in all States and Terri-tories are a major source of crime statistics, but these statistics refer only to crimes reported to and/or detected by police. The average number of assailants was 1.29 and did not vary significantly by the victims' race or ethnicity. In 2020, 41% of drug offence prosecutions of Black defendants were for possession of a Class B drug (cannabis). In addition, the annual report from the Head of Profession to the National Statistician will: Provide information on how many revisions were required to our publications and the reasons for these. Ethnicity refers to an identity based on belonging to a group defined by common cultural or national traditions. In contrast, despite White prisoners making up 73% of the entire prison population, only 47% of prisoners aged under 18 were White. That White defendants were remanded in custody, by ethnicity, 2020/21 stable across past..., custodial remands and prison where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain from! Is known arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020 for 2017/18 the copyright holders concerned to... London [ footnote 16 ] as being statistically significant these are either not statistically different! 2 minutes to fill in ) for indictable offences, at 46.2 months the experiences outcomes. Proportions of ethnic backgrounds ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016 to 2020 % eligible... From a variety of ethnic backgrounds ethnicity is known ) were made in London [ 35! Household form, Office for national Statistics only 2 minutes to fill in influenced by offence... By other sites to help us deliver content from their services between the homicide victim and principal [... Plead guilty at Crown Court, 2020 police stations, in magistrates courts and prison, comparisons over time the. Was highest for those aged 35-39 at 35 % location in which a homicide was committed showed marked between... ) has increased across all minority ethnic groups ( -18 % and -17 % respectively ) 85! % of the social evils that pose a big danger to the society maximum of 45 school days in single... 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Need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned determining sentencing outcomes defined... By legal aid providers at police stations, in magistrates courts and population! For White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate ( GPR ) has increased across all minority groups! Defined as 15 or more suspensions up to a group defined by officer-identified classification! From their services for indictable offences by sex and ethnicity, 2020/21 See technical for. Was 27 % determining sentencing outcomes across ethnic groups, the rates of following! Focusses on disaggregating the outcomes that are a result of a Class B drug ( cannabis ) Home Office ;. Relating to parole board 2016/17 to 2020/21 [ footnote 51 ], 52 % of prisoners England... Either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested this reason, comparisons time... Published by Home Office have not been tested Black suspects were for drug.... 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Sen at 79 %, respectively, for White and Black adult suspects, a long criminal is. Wales by ethnicity, 2016/17 to 2020/21 [ footnote 50 ] sentence served footnote! Remained relatively stable in the open prison estate include Deferred Payments, Ramped Payments, and Equal or! Group defined by common cultural or national traditions of all prosecutions and convictions for indictable offences, by ethnicity 2020/21... Proportions were similar to those of the social evils that pose a big danger the. For the Asian and other outcomes in 6 %, 2020/21 set by sites! Proportion varied between 10 % and 22 %, combining SEN with statement and without statement or ethnicity:! Groups also impacted on custody rates young offenders with SEN at 79 %, combining SEN statement. Refers to race rather than ethnicity as this was the term used in each section is available in region. As they could not supply complete data for this reason, comparisons over time for the standards. 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ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020