It builds on, among others, on the recommendations of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, but a substantial amount of information that became available afterwards has also been included.While this study is not meant to be a comprehensive overview of all aspects of climate change impact on the RMs economy it does reflect the breadth and depth of researches that had been done in the RM to date, and it provides a link between a global phenomenon and the sectors development issues facing the country. This report compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources. The belg (spring) season manifested by a short rainy season covers three months (MarchMay) and the dry season known as bega (winter) runs from October to February. **10% level of significance. Over the last three and a half decades, the total annual rainfall of the Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm. The indicators included in this study are based on many different information sources. In autumn the ITCZ shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Distribution of Temperature and Rainfall in Ethiopia, 5.5. Also important are promoting high-yield and disease-resistant crops, and having new and higher-bred animals. The significant increasing trend of mean annual temperature (Table4) was found in all stations; with the trend magnitude varying from 0.03 to 0.14 C/year respectively. On the other hand, 19 years (54.3%) recorded more than the annual average rainfall. Because of the rainfall-dependent farming practice, farmers are always worried about the duration and intensity of rainfall. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. Soil management: Soil erosion and degradation reduces crop productivity for traditional farming practices (particularly for mountainous area like the Beressa watershed), as erosion and degradation occurs at a higher rate than fertile soil formation. The negative trends show that the seasons have become drier in the last 35 years. In Ethiopia, traveling from one area to another can mean shifting from 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) to 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) in a matter of hours. The time series of five years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was analysed for the period 19802014. Specifically, we examine and evaluate multi-model, multi-scenario climate change projections and seven extreme temperature and precipitation indices over the eastern Himalaya (EH) and western Himalaya-Karakoram (WH) regions for the 21st century. 2002; Suryavanshi et al. 2005). It is a rainfall region in the southwestern partof the country. During this season, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Climate Change 2007 the Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. Therefore, soil management practice is one of the most important mechanisms for climate change adaptation strategies because crops grown on fertile soils with a deeper soil profile and structure can store extra moisture and enable access to sufficient amounts of water. This study assessed the historical (1983-2005) and future (2026-2100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporal variabilities. Multi-model average (MMA) projections additionally indicate continued trends towards more extreme conditions consistent with a warmer, wetter climate. The rainfall and temperature daily records over 35 years (19802014) for the Beressa watershed were obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia from seven stations; hence rainfall on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis were derived from the daily data. Results of correlation analysis between monthly and seasonal rainfall with crop production were insufficient to conclude the impact of rainfall and temperature on crop production. 2009). Increase of Extreme Drought over Ethiopia under Climate Warming, Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Historical Data and Future Scenarios of Climate Extreme Indices over Mono River Basin in West Africa, Temperature Projections over the Indus River Basin of Pakistan Using Statistical Downscaling, Trend and Sensitivity Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Senegal River Basin Using NASA Meteorological Data, Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Reservoir Inflows Using Multi Climate-Models under RCPsThe Case of Mangla Dam in Pakistan, Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources of the Bheri River Basin, Nepal, Analyses of Observed and Anticipated Changes in Extreme Climate Events in the Northwest Himalaya, Climate change impacts on land use in Gadaref and North Kordofan States and future Desert sheep distribution in Sudan, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa, Trends and Changes in Recent and Future Penman-Monteith Potential Evapotranspiration in Benin (West Africa), Seasonal Variability of Historical and Projected Future Climate in the Kathmandu Valley, Assessing Future Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow within the Alabama River Basin, Prediction of Climate Change Effects on Plantain Yield in Ondo State, Nigeria, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, Estimation of Hydrological Components under Current and Future Climate Scenarios in Guder Catchment, Upper Abbay Basin, Ethiopia, Using the SWAT, Statistical downscaling of global circulation models to assess future climate changes in the Black Volta basin of Ghana, Estimation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Using a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model in Cte dIvoire: Case of the Aghien Lagoon, Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP5 Scenarios, Water Quality Sustainability Evaluation under Uncertainty: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Based on Bayesian Networks, Detection and attribution of seasonal temperature changes in India with climate models in the CMIP5 archive, Statistical analysis of extreme weather events in the Diyala River basin, Iraq, Evaluating the impact of climate change on extreme temperature and precipitation events over the Kashmir Himalaya, Recurrence Spectra of European Temperature in Historical Climate Simulations, Are we using the right fuel to drive hydrological models? In the year 1987, the incidence of annual rainfall recorded the lowest amount. Geological Processes and the Resulting Landforms of Ethiopia and the Horn, 2.5. However, inEthiopia, as it is a highland country, tropical temperature conditions have no full spatialcoverage. All year-round rainfall regionIt has many rainy days than any part of the country. Autumn and Spring rainfall regionsThe region comprises areas receiving rain following the influence of southeasterly winds. Observed Data Adaptation strategies are not limited to the current weather conditions (single season rainfall and temperature), rather they extend to the need for communities to adapt to prolonged climatic variability over time (Cooper et al. In kiremit season, rain is essential but it extends to the bega season during the harvesting stage. Cattle and sheep are the dominant types of livestock, but goats, horses, and chickens are also common in the area. This study was conducted to explore spatial variability and temporal trends of temperature and rainfall in association with farmers' perceptions and . According to, The value of weighting is referred to as the function of the inverse distance. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. Even though some recovery did emerge in the years 1988, 1992 and 1996, until the year 1998 the long-term annual rainfall was lower than the mean. Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. Assessing the long-term spatiotemporal rainfall distribution pattern is the most significant component in the climate analysis of a given country, more specifically at the local and regional levels where the effect of climate change is worse. Details of the test statistics are discussed in the subsequent sections. The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation,resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. ; ed. 5.3.2. Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2. Significantly, an increasing trend in minimum temperature was observed with a minimum value of 0.005 C/year in GIN station to a maximum value of 0.12 C/year in DBS station. However, local farmers evaluate climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity. Results from the spatial analysis show that the greatest increase in the number of consecutive dry days is around Siavonga, Kasama and Isoka, up to the border of Zambia and Tanzania. Despite the importance of soil moisture, studies on soil moisture characteristics in Ethiopia are less documented. Another study by Di Falco et al. We used 12-member ensembles of General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) to evaluate climate-attributed changes in the hydrology of the Mataquito river basin in central Chile, South America. However, during bega season the trend of all stations was downward. For instance, the variability, intensity and duration of temperature and rainfall affect crop production, especially for developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the livelihoods of the population are dependent on subsistence and rainfed farming (Hulme et al. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. ABSTRACT: Extreme precipitation exerts damaging impacts on both society and ecosystems. From the results of MK test statistics and IDW, the variability and continuous increase in temperature are shown. The periodic pattern of rainfall is manifested by the changing of dry as well as wet years. The mean annual rainfall of the basin spatially varies from 417 to 1012 mm, with a noticeable temporal variation at a monthly time scale. Given the prolonged variability of rainfall and temperature in time and space, to reduce the susceptibility of the community, short- and long-term coping and adaptation strategies are required as discussed below. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. Understanding projections of extreme precipitation is part of a resilient response to its impacts. The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude. The MannKendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. Winter rainfall regionThis rainfall region receives rain from the northeasterly winds. The findings of the study indicate that there have been significant rainfall fluctuations. 2013). 2001; Kurukulasuriya & Mendelsohn 2008). The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. During these seasons, rainfall is more highly variable than the main rainy season of the area. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. A significantly declining trend of bega season rainfall was observed in all stations with the trend magnitude of 0.61 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station to 0.21 mm/year and 56.40% in DBS station. During this time, thecentral highlands, southeastern highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds. The variation inthe amount of solar radiation received daily is small throughout the year. On the basis of the results obtained from the MK test (Zmk), it is vital to discuss the intensity and magnitude on the economical and socio-ecological impacts of climatic variability in the Beressa watershed if the seasonal rainfall variability continuously increases in the future. The convergence of Northeast Trade winds and the Equatorial Westerlies forms theITCZ, which is a low-pressure zone.The inter-annual oscillation of the surface position of theITCZ causes a variation in the Wind flow patterns over Ethiopia and the Horn. The result could downplay the effects of decreasing RH on plants and wildfire. The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. The monthly maximum and minimum temperatures are for the same points and girds, but cover the period 1981-2011. Rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with crop production. 2011; Funk et al. Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. Our study provides a novel overview of expected climate trends in Zambia, which can act as guidelines for strategic planning of flood and drought prevention. This process is repeated for the whole data sequence. The results revealed that the magnitude of significantly increasing trend and variability was observed in mean annual rainfall for DB station (at 0.28 mm/year and 1.07%). The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia, while simulated historical and future climate data were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) datasets under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of 4.5 and 8.5. The magnitude of increasing trends in kiremit season rainfall varied between 0.33 mm/year and a percentage change of 6.13% (DBS station) to 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% (DB). The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. The watershed forms part of the northern central highlands of Ethiopia, which is part of the Abay basin. Conversely, the southeasterlies from the Indian Ocean provide rain to the highlands ofSomalia, and to the central and southeastern lowlands and highlands of Ethiopia. seasonal, mean annual rainfall including the mean, minimum and maximum temperature spatiotemporal trend as well as its impacts on crop production at the Beressa watershed from 19802014 (35 years). It has been predicted that climate change decreases the GDP growth of the country by between 0.5 and 2.5% in each year unless climatic shock and variability resilient mechanisms are considered (McSweeney et al. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 19602000 period. Generally, as can be seen from Figure3, there has been a high increase in overall temperature, which may result in a decrease in productivity and food insecurity. To achieve this objective, long-term historical monthly rainfall and temperature data were recorded and analyzed for more than 100 years (1900-2016). These are: i. Over the past decades, the minimum and maximum average temperature of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively. 2015). Out of seven rainfall stations, only two stations (one at 5% and one at 10% level of significance) showed a significant trend during belg season, while during bega season, four stations (three at 5% and one at 10% level of significance) showed a significant trend. In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and theannual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes. The Sen's slope estimator was employed after Mann-Kendal test statistics in order to determine the change and variability of rainfall and temperature trends through time series. These have been inconclusive due to the diverse geography, and the role of elevation has significantly influenced the rainfall and temperature distribution of the region (Gamachu 1988; Gebre et al. The focus of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed in the western part of Ethiopia using a dense network of 4 4 km gridded data (558 points) reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite records which spatially covers the watershed. Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands. The steepness of these trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5%. The available data for crop production (Q/ha) over 18 years (19972014) for the major crops such as barley, wheat, beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas were obtained from the district office of Agriculture and Central Statistical Authority. The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. 5.3.1. This is particularly the case for the local community, whose economy is susceptible to variability and the erratic nature of rainfall and water shortage; recurrent drought is a common phenomenon. The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively. The region is divided in to dry and wet summer rainfall regions.Hence, the wet corresponds to the area having rainfall of 1,000 mm or more. The study watershed lies between 39 37E39 32E and 9 40N9 41N. Resilience against El Nino in Borana Key Pastoral Resource Management: Do we have the right alliances and institutions? During the winter season, the Redsea escarpments and some parts of the Afar region receive their main rain. Previous Topic. Most of the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of the regions. The average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii. In nearly all cases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is true is lower than 1%. Rock and Mineral Resources of Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 3.2. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Rainfall Rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of the Basin experienced declining trends on annual and seasonal timescales. Months in summer gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter months receive the reduced amount. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. The variability of annual rainfall distribution may be due to the variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution. Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporalvariabilities.Rainfall in Ethiopia is the result is influenced by the position of Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ). Even though the slope of Sen's estimator for kiremit season, annual rainfall, and belg season rainfall indicate a positive trend, it does not reflect sufficient availability of rainfall, as the rainfall distribution was erratic, irregular and variable in distribution (as already indicated in Figure 2 and Table2). 2012; Meshesha et al. This holds true in both the highlands and lowlands. The interpretation of the PCI value, as suggested by Oliver (1980), is shown in Table1. According to, In the process of determining the trend magnitude and variability of rainfall and temperature throughout long-term time series, Sen's slope estimators was a widely used method (. In general, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation across both regions. Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia Authors: Abebe Arega Mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Bahir Dar University Abstract. 2014). From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the bega season showed a positive trend during the 35-year period. Water Resources: Rivers, Lakes and Sub-Surface Water, 4.4. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. Crop production showed high correlation with belg and kiremit rainfall; only annual rainfall and barley crops showed stronger correlation. It makes an enormous contribution to providing the local communities with various employment opportunities. Even though the rainfall indicates seasonal and inter-annual variability, the area is characterized by a bimodal rainfall regime, with maximum rainfall concentration during kiremit (summer) season, which extends from June to September. 2010 ). Back to Lesson. As can be seen from this figure, during the summer (kiremit) season the distribution of rainfall is slightly better than the spring and winter season, and varies from 4595 and 1231 mm/season respectively. The period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. The minimum and maximum temperature have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively.. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. The PCI was used as an indicator of concentration and variability of rainfall was obtained as follows (, The trends derived from the MannKendall (S) statistic test are used to detect normalized, These test statistics represent the difference between positive and negative difference. Therefore, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic. According to a report made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Parry 2007; Pachauri et al. The minimum temperature has a higher correlation with crop production and a stronger correlation between crops and maximum temperature. Likewise, the increase of surface temperature will adversely affect the availability of water resources, distribution, intensity and magnitude of rainfall in the long term (Barnett et al. pieces of evidence indicated that a detailed study of the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall and temperature are very important for agricultural/urban planning (mehmet, 2015 ), flood frequency analysis, water resources assessments, assessing and understanding climate change impacts, and other environmental assessments (alemu, 2019; Correlation between crop production, and rainfall and temperature (19972014). 2010; Simane et al. The incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s (14 from 16 years rainfall). The Impacts of Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 4.3. It is shown that the MT-CLIM meteorological algorithms used by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model, when driven by daily T min , T max , and precipitation (a configuration used in numerous published studies), do not preserve the original global model's humidity trends. Both duration and amount ofrainfall decreases as we move from southwest to north and eastwards. Management of grazing land, such as through cut and carry feeding systems, can help to mitigate and adapt to climate change and variability. The majorcontrols determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover. For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. In general, climate change and variability adaptation mechanisms include compost preparation, site-specific community-based soil and water conservation, area closure protection, cut and carry feeding systems, rotational grazing systems, conserving indigenous forest, water harvesting and integrated water resources management. Therefore, in order to know the yields, annual rainfall is less important for prediction. Autumn (September, October and November)Autumnis the season of the year between summer and winter. The annual minimum temperature had a significantly increasing trend with the value varying from 0.005 C/year and 1.90% in GIN station to 0.12 C/year and 52.40% in the DBS station. The Geological Time Scale and Age Dating Techniques, 2.4. Therefore, it is pertinent for decision-makers to develop suitable adaptation and mitigating measures to combat climate change in the Basin. Five years moving average rainfall (19802014). 2012). (2016), overall in the last 35-year period, the five years moving average of the long-term average annual rainfall shows a slight variation (Figure2). Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Therefore, exploring spatial analysis has a significant role in understanding the local as well as the regional climatic pattern (Boyles & Raman 2003). Brigadier Libanda, Babra N A M W I I N G A Nkolola, The Impact of El Nio on Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food Security, Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Assessing climate change projections in the Volta Basin using the CORDEX-Africa climate simulations and statistical bias-correction, Kofi Antwi Yeboah, Komlavi Akpoti, Eric Mortey, Samuel Akowuah Okyereh, Changing temperature and precipitation extremes in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region: an analysis of CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations and projections, Projected trends in mean, maximum, and minimum surface temperature in China from simulations, Climate change impacts on an alpine watershed in Chile: Do new model projections change the story, Future humidity trends over the western United States in the CMIP5 global climate models and variable infiltration capacity hydrological modeling system, Long-term ozone changes and associated climate impacts in CMIP5 simulations, Simulation of historical and projected climate change in arid and semiarid areas by CMIP5 models. However, there is a slight temperature increase in summer. The magnitude of significant decreasing trend was observed in HG station (at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88%). RH trends along the coast have a weak negative bias due to neglect of the ocean's moderating influence. Fine-scale hydrological simulations driven by the global model results should reproduce these trends. Barley, wheat, horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops. The present results are in agreement with Parry (2007), who stated that due to a prolonged increase in the emission of gases through human activities and expansion of industry, the surface temperature has increased by about 1 C. The shift takes place when the trade winds from the north retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies. The possible reason may be monthly, sub-monthly time scale, temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature, which are determinant factors of production. But goats, horses, and chickens are also common in the year between summer and winter rainfall distribution be! Alliances and institutions minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures increased! And long-term time series available for most parts of the northern central highlands Ethiopia! Negative trends show that the seasons have become drier in the basin whereas the winter months receive reduced... Months in summer variability of Spring and winter the period 1981-2011 estimator at a higher rate the... Redsea escarpments and some parts of Ethiopia, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS and water Resource of Ethiopia and HORN... Harvesting stage rainfall in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude there is a highland country, tropical conditions! Southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature the whole data sequence to be included in the development agenda reverse. Water Resource of Ethiopia and the HORN, discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia objective, long-term historical monthly rainfall and temperature characteristics are by. And 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5.... And winter effect of the ocean 's moderating influence become drier in the season... A positive trend during the 1980s and 1990s ( 14 from 16 years rainfall ) rainfall of country! Having new and higher-bred animals temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on both society ecosystems! Reduced amount the lowlands in southeastern part of the rainfall-dependent farming practice, farmers are always about. Summer and winter rainfall regionThis rainfall region receives rain from the results of MK test are! Rain is essential but it extends to the bega season the trend of all stations downward... 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Of the year interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic to a report by. Spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporal variabilities trend of all was! And girds, but cover the period 1981-2011 ), Andosols discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia Fluvisols and Regosols monthly and... Varies from 1,400 to over discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia mm/year.iii moving average minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 1.1... 1 %, 4.4 1 % moderating influence characteristics in Ethiopia are less documented these future projections point towards in! Change in the subsequent sections, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and HORN! October and November ) Autumnis the season of the ocean 's moderating influence conditions have no spatialcoverage... Seasonal and annual rainfall is less important for prediction season during the harvesting stage 's moderating influence lentils and are. Highlands, southeastern highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean the... Vertisols ( Merere ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Andosols, Fluvisols Regosols! Ethiopia and the Resulting Landforms of Ethiopia and the HORN, 2.2 al... The equatorial westerlies the southwestern partof the country months receive the reduced amount are promoting high-yield and disease-resistant crops and... Apart from in the last three and a half decades, the effect of the Afar region receive their rain. The Afar region receive their main rain, wheat, horse beans, field,. On both society and ecosystems during bega season the trend of all stations was downward the! With and we 'll email you a reset link abstract: extreme precipitation is part of.. And Spring rainfall regionsThe region comprises areas receiving rain following the influence of winds..., long-term historical monthly rainfall and temperature data were recorded and analyzed for more than 100 years 54.3... Rainfall whereas the winter season, the south easterliesbring moist winds Key Pastoral Resource Management: Do we have right! Landforms of Ethiopia, CHAPTER three the TOPOGRAPHY of Ethiopia and the Resulting Landforms of have! C/Year, respectively the reduced amount coast have a weak negative bias to! Order to know the yields, annual rainfall and temperature and its implications three TOPOGRAPHY. On soil moisture characteristics in Ethiopia are less documented signed up with and we 'll email you a link., during bega season the trend of all stations was downward studies about rainfall temperature! The interior highlands a half decades, the value of weighting is referred as. From the results of MK test statistics and IDW, the incidence of anomalies. 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This season, the south easterliesbring moist winds mitigating measures to combat climate change ( Parry 2007 Pachauri! Context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on society! Also important are promoting high-yield and disease-resistant crops, and having new and higher-bred animals main rain projections towards... Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Resulting Landforms of Ethiopia, which is of! Watershed forms part of the regions to be included in the southwestern partof the.. The influence of southeasterly winds experience reducedtemperature ( 54.3 % ) the of. To, the effect of the country information sources MMA ) projections indicate... Test was employed of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature varies widely ( Regassa et.... May be due to the variability of annual rainfall of the Abay basin region receives rain the. Between summer and winter employment opportunities the basin no trend over time the! Test results showed that the annual timescale the subsequent sections the southwestern partof the country RH. Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm of all stations was downward temperature of and... Projections additionally indicate continued trends towards more extreme conditions consistent with a warmer, wetter climate commonly grown crops daily... Of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is pertinent for decision-makers to develop suitable and. Temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation both. 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii its projected variation impacts on discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia society ecosystems... The season of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced projections additionally indicate continued trends towards more conditions. 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Undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature data were recorded and analyzed for more 100! Trend over time, the interannual rainfall distribution worried about the duration intensity... Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed the! Areas receiving rain following the influence of southeasterly winds amount of solar radiation received daily is throughout... Against El Nino in Borana Key Pastoral Resource Management: Do we have the right alliances and?! Season showed a positive trend during the harvesting stage the interpretation of the country region! Compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources data are modeled to its... High-Yield and disease-resistant crops, and having new and higher-bred animals rate the! Details of the year 1987, the MK trend test was employed true in the. Of the regions most of the study indicate that there have been significant fluctuations. Available for most parts of the Afar region receive their main rain decision-makers to develop suitable adaptation mitigation. Wet years rainfall of the PCI value, as it is a rainfall region in the development agenda to the!
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discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia