radiolab smarty plants

Testing one, two. ROBERT: They stopped folding up. ROBERT: This final thought. Minerals from the soil. You know, they talk about how honeybee colonies are sort of superorganisms, because each individual bee is sort of acting like it's a cell in a larger body. That was my reaction. JENNIFER FRAZER: Well, maybe. Because the only reason why the experiment turned out to be 28 days is because I ran out of time. JENNIFER FRAZER: One of the things they eat is fungus. He's looking up at us quite scared and very unhappy that he was covered in SUZANNE SIMARD: And toilet paper. It's like a savings account? But ROBERT: We did catch up with her a few weeks later. And so I don't have a problem with that. We dropped. ROBERT: So there is some water outside of the pipe. Well, it depends on who you ask. I'm 84. ROBERT: It turns that carbon into sugar, which it uses to make its trunk and its branches, anything thick you see on a tree is just basically air made into stuff. JAD: It was curling each time when it ROBERT: Every time. ROBERT: So the roots can go either left or to the right. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, plants really like light, you know? But this one plays ROBERT: So she's got her plants in the pot, and we're going to now wait to see what happens. In my brain. When people first began thinking about these things, and we're talking in the late 1800s, they had no idea what they were or what they did, but ultimately they figured out that these things were very ancient, because if you look at 400-million-year-old fossils of some of the very first plants You can see, even in the roots of these earliest land plants And then later, scientists finally looked at these things under much more powerful microscopes, and realized the threads weren't threads, really. Is that what -- is that what this? 2016. ROBERT: When people first began thinking about these things, and we're talking in the late 1800s, they had no idea what they were or what they did, but ultimately they figured out that these things were very ancient, because if you look at 400-million-year-old fossils of some of the very first plants JENNIFER FRAZER: You can see, even in the roots of these earliest land plants JENNIFER FRAZER: This is a really ancient association. The plants have to keep pulling their leaves up and they just get tired. So there's these little insects that lives in the soil, these just adorable little creatures called springtails. No, I don't because she may come up against it, people who think that intelligence is unique to humans. Thud. Me first. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah. Or maybe it's the fungus under the ground is kind of like a broker and decides who gets what. ROBERT: Peering down at the plants under the red glow of her headlamp. LARRY UBELL: Good. So they might remember even for a much longer time than 28 days. AATISH BHATIA: So this is our plant dropper. I think you can be open-minded but still objective. So she decided to conduct her experiment. And you can actually see this happen. Suzanne says she's not sure if the tree is running the show and saying like, you know, "Give it to the new guy." ROBERT: Now, you might think that the plant sends out roots in every direction. I'll put it down in my fungi. They don't do well in warm temperatures and their needles turn all sickly yellow. And so of course, that was only the beginning. ], [JENNIFER FRAZER: Bethel Habte, Tracie Hunte, Matt Kielty ], [ALVIN UBELL: Matt Kielly. Along with a home-inspection duo, a science writer, and some enterprising scientists at Princeton University, we dig into the work of evolutionary ecologist Monica Gagliano, who turns our brain-centered worldview on its head through a series of clever . This story was nurtured and fed and ultimately produced by Annie McEwen. SUZANNE SIMARD: Basically expanding it from a kind of a column of a pit to something that's -- we could actually grab onto his front legs and pull him out. So the question is A plant that is quite far away from the actual pipe, how does it know which way to turn and grow its roots so that it can find the water? So the plants are now, you know, buckled in, minding their own business. -- they spring way up high in the air. Parsons' Observational Practices Lab Talking About Seeing Symposium. ROBERT: What do you mean? Every one of them. She went into the forest, got some trees. The next one goes, "Uh-oh." We pulled Jigs out and we threw him in the lake with a great deal of yelping and cursing and swearing, and Jigs was cleaned off. For this part of our broadcast, I'd like to begin by imagining a tall, dark, dense, green forest. It's time -- time for us to go and lie down on the soft forest floor. Again. In my brain. ROBERT: I know -- I know you -- I know you don't. So maybe could you just describe it just briefly just what you did? And then they do stuff. ROBERT: So these trees were basically covered with bags that were then filled with radioactive gas. Is it, like -- is it a plant? It's yours." And we can move it up, and we can drop it. Well, it depends on who you ask. Or No. Listen to Radiolab: "Smarty Plants" on Pandora - Do you really need a brain to sense the world around you? The same one that are used in computers like, you know, really tiny. Because the only reason why the experiment turned out to be 28 days is because I ran out of time. It's almost as if these plants -- it's almost as if they know where our pipes are. ROBERT: They shade each other. ROBERT: Okay. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, plants really like light, you know? by Radiolab Follow. So then at one point, when you only play the bell for the dog, or you, you know, play the fan for the plant, we know now for the dogs, the dogs is expecting. ROBERT: And not too far away from this tree, underground, there is a water pipe. When they did this, they saw that a lot of the springtails that had the tubes inside them were still alive. Annie McEwen, Stephanie Tam, our intern, we decided all to go to check it out for ourselves, this thing I'm not telling you about. And the -- I'm gonna mix metaphors here, the webs it weaves. Read about Smarty Plants by Radiolab and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists. So let's go to the first. That's a -- learning is something I didn't think plants could do. JENNIFER FRAZER: And he would repeat this. So they figured out who paid for the murder. And after not a whole lot of drops, the plant, she noticed, stopped closing its leaves. MONICA GAGLIANO: Like a defensive mechanism. You have to understand that the cold water pipe causes even a small amount of water to condense on the pipe itself. Picasso! You have to understand that the cold water pipe causes even a small amount of water to condense on the pipe itself. ROBERT: So you're like a metaphor cop with a melty heart. He's the only springtail with a trench coat and a fedora. JENNIFER FRAZER: And this is what makes it even more gruesome. This is like metaphor is letting in the light as opposed to shutting down the blinds. It was like -- it was like a huge network. No. MONICA GAGLIANO: Pretty much like the concept of Pavlov with his dog applied. I don't know. Peering down at the plants under the red glow of her headlamp. We dropped. Seasonally. And if you go to too many rock concerts, you can break these hairs and that leads to permanent hearing loss, which is bad. Hey, it's okay. say they're very curious, but want to see these experiments repeated. No, Summer is a real person and her last name happens to be spelled R-A-Y-N-E. ROBERT: This story was nurtured and fed and ultimately produced by Annie McEwen. But also SUZANNE SIMARD: The other important thing we figured out is that, as those trees are injured and dying, they'll dump their carbon into their neighbors. It's a -- it's a three-pronged answer. [laughs] You mean, like the World Wide Web? And then Monica would Just about, you know, seven or eight inches. ROBERT: Like, would they figure it out faster this time? And to Annie McEwen and Brenna Farrow who both produced this piece. And it's that little, little bit of moisture that the plant will somehow sense. Because tree roots and a lot of plant roots are not actually very good at doing what you think they're doing. From just bears throwing fish on the ground? But maybe it makes her sort of more open-minded than -- than someone who's just looking at a notebook. Picasso! As abundant as what was going on above ground. They may have this intelligence, maybe we're just not smart enough yet to figure it out. [laughs]. So we figured look, if it's this easy and this matter of fact, we should be able to do this ourselves and see it for ourselves. But what -- how would a plant hear something? ROBERT: She says one of the weirdest parts of this though, is when sick trees give up their food, the food doesn't usually go to their kids or even to trees of the same species. They designed from scratch a towering parachute drop in blue translucent Lego pieces. Pics! Remember that the roots of these plants can either go one direction towards the sound of water in a pipe, or the other direction to the sound of silence. Support Radiolab today at Radiolab.org/donate. So Pavlov started by getting some dogs and some meat and a bell. ROBERT: Five, four, three, two, one, drop! ROBERT: Monica says what she does do is move around the world with a general feeling of ROBERT: What if? Yeah, it might run out of fuel. Again, if you imagine that the pot, my experimental pot. But we are in the home inspection business. On the fifth day, they take a look and discover most of the roots, a majority of the roots were heading toward the sound of water. So maybe the root hairs, which are always found right at the growing tips of plant roots, maybe plant roots are like little ears. It's a costly process for this plant, but She figured out they weren't tired. More information about Sloan at www.sloan.org]. I'm just trying to make sure I understand, because I realize that none of these conversations are actually spoken. It would be all random. ROBERT: She took that notion out of the garden into her laboratory. So Monica moves the fans to a new place one more time. And so I don't have a problem with that. And now, if you fast-forward roughly 30 years, she then makes a discovery that I find kind of amazing. Picasso! ROBERT: But then, scientists did an experiment where they gave some springtails some fungus to eat. So I don't have a problem. And so we are under the impression or I would say the conviction that the brain is the center of the universe, and -- and if you have a brain and a nervous system you are good and you can do amazing stuff. ROBERT: And right in the middle of the yard is a tree. Plants are complex and ancient organisms. The water is still in there. I remember going in at the uni on a Sunday afternoon. They run out of energy. So otherwise they can't photosynthesize. ROBERT: She thinks that they somehow remembered all those drops and it never hurt, so they didn't fold up any more. Is it ROBERT: This is like metaphor is letting in the light as opposed to shutting down the blinds. ROBERT: Sounds, yeah. Jigs had provided this incredible window for me, you know, in this digging escapade to see how many different colors they were, how many different shapes there were, that they were so intertwined. I don't know if that was the case for your plants. That is definitely cool. You just used a very interesting word. ROBERT: And the classic case of this is if you go back a few centuries ago, someone noticed that plants have sex. And she says this time they relaxed almost immediately. ROBERT: Instead of eating the fungus, it turns out the fungus ate them. SUZANNE SIMARD: And we were able to map the network. Different kind of signal traveling through the soil? She's a forestry professor at the University of British Columbia. ROBERT: And then those little tubes will wrap themselves into place. I'm gonna just go there. PETER LANDGREN: Little seatbelt for him for the ride down. And she was willing to entertain the possibility that plants can do something like hear. ALVIN UBELL: In a tangling of spaghetti-like, almost a -- and each one of those lines of spaghetti is squeezing a little bit. She's working in the timber industry at the time. She says what will happen under the ground is that the fungal tubes will stretch up toward the tree roots, and then they'll tell the tree With their chemical language. ROBERT: Oh! JENNIFER FRAZER: I do find it magical. LATIF: Wait. Had indeed turned and moved toward the fan, stretching up their little leaves as if they were sure that at any moment now light would arrive. SUZANNE SIMARD: Yeah, he was a curious dog. And it was almost like, let's see how much I have to stretch it here before you forget. Which by the way, is definitely not a plant. They're sort of flea-sized and they spend lots of time munching leaves on the forest floor. That there was a kind of a moral objection to thinking this way. Again. I can scream my head off if I want to. ROBERT: Inspector Tail is his name. MONICA GAGLIANO: I remember going in at the uni on a Sunday afternoon. Unfortunately, right at that point Suzanne basically ran off to another meeting. LARRY UBELL: That -- that's -- that's interesting. Like, I say, it's early in the season. ROBERT: She made sure that the dirt didn't get wet, because she'd actually fastened the water pipe to the outside of the pot. The magnolia tree outside of our house got into the sewer pipes, reached its tentacles into our house and busted the sewage pipe. ROBERT: So let's go to the first. So they figured out who paid for the murder. And for the meat substitute, she gave each plant little bit of food. Special thanks to Dr. Teresa Ryan of the University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry, to our intern Stephanie Tam, to Roy Halling and the Bronx Botanical Garden, and to Stephenson Swanson there. This is the headphones? It was summertime. MONICA GAGLIANO: Or would just be going random? No. An expert. JENNIFER FRAZER: And he would repeat this. ]. ROBERT: So for three days, three times a day, she would shine these little blue lights on the plants. ROBERT: Then of course because it's the BBC, they take a picture of it. Couple minutes go by And all of a sudden we could hear this barking and yelping. Not really. Here's the water.". Jad and Robert, they are split on this one. So otherwise they can't photosynthesize. SUZANNE SIMARD: You know, I don't completely understand. He's not a huge fan of. If you get too wrapped up in your poetic metaphor, you're very likely to be misled and to over-interpret the data. ], [ALVIN UBELL: And Alvin Ubell. JAD: And the plant still went to the place where the pipe was not even in the dirt? ALVIN UBELL: Testing one, two. So I don't have a problem. JENNIFER FRAZER: Into which she put these sensitive plants. What happened to you didn't happen to us. They need light to grow. So I don't have a problem. ROBERT: And that's just the beginning. Or maybe slower? And the pea plants are left alone to sit in this quiet, dark room feeling the breeze. So the plants are now, you know, buckled in, minding their own business. Just a boring set of twigs. ROBERT: His name is Roy Halling. Turns the fan on, turns the light on, and the plant turns and leans that way. Big thanks to Aatish Bhatia, to Sharon De La Cruz and to Peter Landgren at Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. And then someone has to count. He was a -- what was he? He's on the right track. And right in the middle of the yard is a tree. The tree will wrap its roots around that pipe. They look just like mining tunnels. What do you mean? ROBERT: But the drop was just shocking and sudden enough for the little plant to ROBERT: Do its reflex defense thing. And we dropped it once, and twice. Was it possible that maybe the plants correctly responded by not opening, because something really mad was happening around it and it's like, "This place is not safe.". That's the place where I can remember things. So he brought them some meat. Whatever. Monica thought about that and designed a different experiment. Yes, we are related. I guess you could call it a mimosa plant drop box. Then she takes the little light and the little fan and moves them to the other side of the plant. People speculated about this, but no one had actually proved it in nature in the woods until Suzanne shows up. ROBERT: Fan, light, lean. And it was almost like, let's see how much I have to stretch it here before you forget. Along with a home-inspection duo, a science writer, and some enterprising scientists at Princeton University, we dig into the work of evolutionary ecologist Monica Gagliano, who turns our. The fungi needs sugar to build their bodies, the same way that we use our food to build our bodies. More information about Sloan at www.sloan.org.]. I don't know if that was the case for your plants. We were so inconsistent, so clumsy, that the plants were smart to keep playing it safe and closing themselves up. No, it's far more exciting than that. ROBERT: They're sort of flea-sized and they spend lots of time munching leaves on the forest floor. And why would -- why would the fungi want to make this network? So Monica moves the fans to a new place one more time. Because I have an appointment. Can you make your own food? Do you have the lens? This is Ashley Harding from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. I know. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, tested it in my lab. You got the plant to associate the fan with food. Different kind of signal traveling through the soil? And I've been in the construction industry ever since I'm about 16 years old. Exactly. ROBERT: So here's what she did. And it's that little, little bit of moisture that the plant will somehow sense. But let me just -- let me give it a try. The fact that humans do it in a particular way, it doesn't mean that everyone needs to do it in that way to be able to do it in the first place. 0:00. Wait a second. Radiolab Smarty Plants. ROBERT: So you just did what Pavlov did to a plant. SUZANNE SIMARD: There's an enemy in the midst. I mean, what? Well, maybe. ROBERT: Salmon consumption. We ask deep questions and use investigative journalism to get the answers. Jun 3, 2019 - In our Animal Minds episode, we met a group of divers who rescued a humpback whale, then shared a really incredible moment.a moment in which the divers are convinced that the whale . We dropped. Her use of metaphor. There's -- on the science side, there's a real suspicion of anything that's anthropomorphizing a plant. ]. Of Accurate Building Inspectors. Well, people have been measuring this in different forests and ecosystems around the world, and the estimate is anywhere from 20 to 80 percent will go into the ground. But let me just -- let me give it a try. So we're really -- like this is -- we're really at the very beginning of this. So I don't have an issue with that. ROBERT: Nothing happened at all. Princeton University News Transformations: Students find creativity at intersection of art and engineering. Whatever. In this story, a dog introduces us to a strange creature that burrows . JAD: Wait. You found exactly what the plants would do under your circumstances which were, I don't know, let's say a bit more tumultuous than mine. I mean, I think there's something to that. With when they actually saw and smelled and ate meat. That apparently -- jury's still out -- are going to make me rethink my stance on plants. Verified account Protected Tweets @ Protected Tweets @ And ROBERT: Since he was so deep down in there. Well, I asked Suzanne about that. So its resources, its legacy will move into the mycorrhizal network into neighboring trees. Now, can you -- can you imagine what we did wrong? Well, it depends on who you ask. Where we've all been, you know, doing our daily business. Wait a second. I'm 84. Oh, one more thing. There are multiple ways of doing one thing, right? JENNIFER FRAZER: Carbon, which is science speak for food. And so we, you know, we've identified these as kind of like hubs in the network. ROBERT: I don't know why you have problems with this. So they didn't. There's not a leak in the glass.

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