list of countries in antarctica

Learning geography is one of the most important aspects of human knowledge. Here is a list of the Study abroad programs in Antarctica, that is Ice & ice-movement Ice & ice-movement course in Antarctica is a highly regarded course program. The name given to the continent originates from the word antarctic, which comes from Middle French antartique or antarctique ('opposite to the Arctic') and, in turn, the Latin antarcticus ('opposite to the north'). [95] The loss of mass from Antarctica's ice sheets is partially offset by additional snow falling back onto it. . In the Cretaceous, it was dominated by a fern-conifer ecosystem, which changed into a temperate rainforest by the end of that period. 2. Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia. Antarcticus is derived from the Greek - ('anti-') and ('of the Bear', 'northern'). [115] The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by seal hunters from the United States and the United Kingdom. Also, even though the military is prohibited from operating on the continent unless theyre helping the scientific staff, Chile and Argentina are maintaining a constant military presence. Coldest Countries Today. [35], The continued warming dried out much of Gondwana. Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of 1.9km (1.2mi). [73] Antarctica is colder than the Arctic region, as much of Antarctica is over 3,000m (9,800ft) above sea level, where air temperatures are colder. Over the following decades, geographers used phrases such as "the Antarctic Continent". Meteorites contain clues about the composition of the Solar System and its early development. ", "Norge utvider Dronning Maud Land helt frem til Sydpolen", "The Foreign Secretary has announced that the southern part of British Antarctic Territory has been named Queen Elizabeth Land", "Argentina angry after Antarctic territory named after Queen", "Antarctica: The Madrid Protocol 25 Years On", Australian Institute of International Affairs, "IAATO Antarctic visitor figures 20192020", "Tourism and Non-Governmental Activities", "A history of McMurdo Station through its architecture", "Science Goals: Celebrating a Century of Science and Exploration", "Finding Meteorite Hotspots in Antarctica", "Science from the Sky: NASA Renews Search for Antarctic Meteorites", "2: The Geology and Geomorphology of Antarctica", Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, "Fungi of the Antarctic: evolution under extreme conditions", Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antarctica&oldid=1133467430, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1, Articles containing Middle French (ca. The Majority of Mammals found on or in the seas surrounding Antarctica, such as Seals, Orcas, Penguins and Whales, due to the conditions on Antarctica, it makes it hard for any vegetation to survive the conditions, which means only invertebrates such as mites and lice can be found on Antarcticas land. While there are systems to prevent such divisions of land among sovereign countries in Antarctica, there are obviously tendencies to bend the rules ever so slightly, just enough for certain countries to flash their claims. [209], Antarctica provides a unique environment for the study of meteorites: the dry polar desert preserves them well, and meteorites older than a million years have been found. A possible explanation is that thermohaline circulation transports warmed water to deeper layers in the Southern Ocean so that the surface remains relatively cool. Seven countries claim Antarctic territory: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom. These shelves can melt or form icebergs that eventually disintegrate when they reach warmer ocean waters. Multicoloured snow algae are especially abundant in the coastal regions during the summer. [144], Sealers were among the earliest to go closer to the Antarctic landmass, perhaps in the earlier part of the 19th century. However, there are a variety of man-made places in Antarctica including two civilian bases. The common invertebrates in this Antarctic region include nematodes, springtails, mites and rotifers. [145], The first person to see Antarctica or its ice shelf was long thought to have been the British sailor Edward Bransfield, a captain in the Royal Navy, who discovered the tip of the Antarctic peninsula on 30 January 1820. A large number of islands surround Antarctica. Smaller forms of life, such as sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails also found in both polar oceans. This has led to speculation that life on Mars might have been similar to Antarctic fungi, such as Cryomyces antarcticus and Cryomyces minteri. [134] There are more terrestrial protected areas than marine protected areas. The continent of Australia is the smallest of the seven continents.List of Countries in Australia. A list of Antarctic ice shelves can be found at List of Antarctic ice shelves. Antarctic Stations - Scientific Research Bases and Facilities Antarctic Stations - Bases - Currently Occupied McMurdo Station, from the Summit of Observation Hill South Pole Station and - Geographic South Pole Signy Base Table key: Yellow Background - year round station | White background - summer only station or air facility Ognian chervonets. [39] In West Antarctica, coniferous forests dominated throughout the Cretaceous period (14666Ma), though southern beech trees (Nothofagus) became prominent towards the end of the Cretaceous. Some of the research stations are staffed year-round, the winter-over personnel typically arriving from their home countries for a one-year assignment. There are three species of flowering plants, all of which are found in the Antarctic Peninsula: Deschampsia antarctica (Antarctic hair grass), Colobanthus quitensis (Antarctic pearlwort) and the non-native Poa annua (annual bluegrass). For a list of them, see List of volcanoes in Antarctica. [205] Biomedical scientists have made discoveries concerning the spreading of viruses and the body's response to extreme seasonal temperatures. Most of the Queen Maud Land is covered with ice sheet, except for the mountain ranges which allows for limited growth of flora. that the Antarcticcan only be used for peaceful purposes, no fortifications,military manoeuvres and no weapon testing. [161] Between December 1908 and February 1909: Shackleton and three members of his expedition became the first humans to traverse the Ross Ice Shelf, the first to cross the Transantarctic Mountains (via the Beardmore Glacier), and the first to set foot on the south Polar Plateau. Countries and their Capitals. Countries and dependencies of the world in alphabetical order from A to Z and by letter, showing current population estimates for 2016, density, and land area Send any feedback on the pin map to info@travelerscenturyclub.org. Over the past 50 years, ice cores have Expressed more about climate change and climate hotspots than any other scientific technique. [107] The 1987 Montreal Protocol has restricted the emissions of ozone-depleting substances. Price: 9050 USD. However, as can be expected of any place on Earth where interests of various countries collide, waters get muddied rather abruptly. This expedition allows you to hike, snowshoe, kayak, go mountaineering, and even camp out under the Southern Polar skies. Neko Harbour: If you wish to see gentoo penguins, kelp gulls and skuas, the famous Neko Harbour is the ultimate place to be. [131][132] The prevalence of highly resilient creatures in such inhospitable areas could further bolster the argument for extraterrestrial life in cold, methane-rich environments. Ognia. Well, making it look like these countries actually have claim over the land. The ozone hole above Antarctica is predicted to slowly disappear; by the 2060s, levels of ozone are expected to have returned to values last recorded in the 1980s. There are no countries in Antarctica, although seven nations claim different parts of it: New Zealand, Australia, France, Norway, the United Kingdom, Chile, and Argentina. Antarctica became glaciated during the Late Paleozoic icehouse beginning at the end of the Devonian period (360Ma), though glaciation would substantially increase during the late Carboniferous. Copy. Antarctica is about 5.5 million square miles (14.2 million square km) in size . By 1959, 12 countries came together to create the 1959 Antarctica Treaty: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the U.S.S.R. (Russia), the United Kingdom, and the United States. The feature discovered by the Russians was the, Ross passed through what is now known as the Ross Sea and discovered Ross Island (both of which were named after him) in 1841. [79] A main component of climate variability in Antarctica is the Southern Annular Mode (a low-frequency mode of atmospheric variability of the Southern Hemisphere), which showed strengthened winds around Antarctica in the summer of the later decades of the 20th century, associated with cooler temperatures over the continent. [59], East Antarctica is geologically varied. Antarctica covers more than 14.2millionkm2 (5,500,000sqmi), making it the fifth-largest continent, slightly less than 1.5times the area of the United States. List of countries Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia 1. Several dependent territories include sub-Antarctic islands north of 60S. Biologists, in addition to researching wildlife, are interested in how low temperatures and the presence of humans affect adaptation and survival strategies in organisms. The answer to this question weve already talked about, there are seven countries that claim one area each as their own, the exception being Norway which claims two territories: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. How many countries in Antarctica continent No Countries, but 7 nations want a piece Seven nations from around the globe lay claim to different parts of the continent. [36] Tetrapods first appeared in Antarctica during the early Triassic, with the earliest known fossils found in the Fremouw Formation of the Transantarctic Mountains. [83] The ice is formed from the ocean, and does not contribute to changes in sea level. His expeditions conducted extensive geographical and scientific research, and he is credited with surveying a larger region of the continent than any other explorer. [10] Antarctica was adopted in the 1890s, with the first use of the name being attributed to the Scottish cartographer John George Bartholomew. It covers size of 14,000,000 sq km and population of only 1,106. By the start of the Devonian period (416Ma), Gondwana was in more southern latitudes, and the climate was cooler, though fossils of land plants are known from then. The U.S.: 50 States Printables - Map Quiz Game: With 50 states total, knowing the names and locations of the US states can be difficult. The treaty regulates the international relations between all countries to . The area received its name after the wife of Richard E Byrd, the first naval officer to explore the region in the 20th century. The United States has strong diplomatic interests in Antarctica. [141] Ecosystems are impacted by local and global threats, notably pollution, the invasion of non-native species, and the various effects of climate change. [152] The American captain Charles Wilkes led an expedition in 18381839 and was the first to claim he had discovered the continent. The treaty went into effect in 1961 and had been signed by 54 nations as of 2021. Because so many countries claim this area of the world, the Antarctic Treaty System was created to ensure all countries share the continent equally. At 3C, parts of the East Antarctic ice sheet are also projected to be fully lost, and total ice loss would lead to around 6 to 12 meters (20 to 39 feet) or more of sea level rise. [18] The ice sheet extends to all but a few oases, which, with the exception of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, are located in coastal areas. These lines fully portray the importance of the treaty in preventing conflicts due to territorial claims. Altogether they staff anywhere from 1,000 to 4,000 people during winter and summer, respectively. Antarctica is the windiest place on the earth where windspeed of more than 350 kilometres per hour/218 miles per hour have been measured. This sub-region of Antarctica stretches from the Southern Ocean coastline to the South Pole. 450-1100)-language text, Articles containing Middle English (1100-1500)-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from before 1990, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, Geographical articles missing image alternative text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 04438E to 13611E, and 14202E to 16000E, 8000W to 7400W claimed by Chile (1940), 7400W to 5300W claimed by Chile (1940) and Argentina (1943), 5300W to 2500W claimed by Argentina (1943), 8000W to 7400W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908), 7400W to 5300W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908) and Argentina (1943), 7400W to 5300W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908) and Chile (1940), 5300W to 2500W claimed by the United Kingdom (1908), This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 23:26. 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